When can a writ of habeas corpus be filed in India?
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Below is a comprehensive legal analysis based on Indian law for your question.
A writ of habeas corpus ('you may have the body') can be filed when a person is detained or imprisoned without lawful authority. It is available under Article 226 (High Courts) and Article 32 (Supreme Court) and is meant to secure the release of a person from illegal detention. The writ can be filed by the detainee or any other person on their behalf. It is generally not maintainable where a person is validly convicted and in lawful custody, and it cannot be used to challenge an order of preventive detention except on grounds of illegality of detention.
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