Civil Law Questions
Browse civil law questions asked by people across India.
Questions in Civil Law are answered with reference to the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908, the Limitation Act, 1963 and the Specific Relief Act, 1963. Each answer states the section that applies, the forum that hears the matter and the limitation period, so the position can be checked against the official text at India Code before you act on it.
The forum depends on the facts rather than the label: a dispute described as a family matter may be heard by a family court, a magistrate or a civil judge depending on whether the relief sought is maintenance, custody, injunction or declaration. Where the law has been renumbered by the 2023 criminal law reforms, answers note both the old and the new section numbers.
A bank filed a recovery case against me in Bangalore for an unpaid loan; what is my defence?
A bank filed a recovery case against me in Saket for an unpaid loan; what is my defence?
A bank filed a recovery case against me in Rohini for an unpaid loan; what is my defence?
A bank filed a recovery case against me in Dwarka for an unpaid loan; what is my defence?
A bank filed a recovery case against me in New Delhi for an unpaid loan; what is my defence?
A bank filed a recovery case against me in Delhi for an unpaid loan; what is my defence?
A bank filed a recovery case against me in Amravati for an unpaid loan; what is my defence?
A bank filed a recovery case against me in Kolhapur for an unpaid loan; what is my defence?
A bank filed a recovery case against me in Solapur for an unpaid loan; what is my defence?
A bank filed a recovery case against me in Aurangabad for an unpaid loan; what is my defence?
A bank filed a recovery case against me in Navi Mumbai for an unpaid loan; what is my defence?
A bank filed a recovery case against me in Thane for an unpaid loan; what is my defence?
A bank filed a recovery case against me in Nashik for an unpaid loan; what is my defence?
A bank filed a recovery case against me in Nagpur for an unpaid loan; what is my defence?
A bank filed a recovery case against me in Pune for an unpaid loan; what is my defence?
A bank filed a recovery case against me in Mumbai for an unpaid loan; what is my defence?
The district consumer forum in Itanagar rejected my complaint; how do I appeal?
The district consumer forum in Gangtok rejected my complaint; how do I appeal?
The district consumer forum in Aizawl rejected my complaint; how do I appeal?
The district consumer forum in Kohima rejected my complaint; how do I appeal?
The district consumer forum in Shillong rejected my complaint; how do I appeal?
The district consumer forum in Imphal rejected my complaint; how do I appeal?
The district consumer forum in Agartala rejected my complaint; how do I appeal?
The district consumer forum in Srinagar rejected my complaint; how do I appeal?
The district consumer forum in Jammu rejected my complaint; how do I appeal?
The district consumer forum in Vasco da Gama rejected my complaint; how do I appeal?
The district consumer forum in Margao rejected my complaint; how do I appeal?
The district consumer forum in Panaji rejected my complaint; how do I appeal?
The district consumer forum in Dharamshala rejected my complaint; how do I appeal?
The district consumer forum in Manali rejected my complaint; how do I appeal?
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Frequently Asked Questions about Civil Law
What is civil law in India?
Civil law deals with disputes between individuals or organizations, including property, contract, tort, and family matters. It is governed by the Civil Procedure Code 1908. Civil cases seek remedies like injunctions, damages, or specific performance, not punishment.
How to file a civil suit in India?
To file a civil suit: (1) Draft a plaint with facts and relief sought, (2) Pay court fees based on the claim value, (3) File in the appropriate court (Munsif/District Court based on jurisdiction), (4) The court issues summons to the defendant, (5) Both parties present evidence and arguments, (6) Court delivers judgment.
What is the limitation period for civil suits in India?
Under the Limitation Act 1963, limitation varies: 3 years for breach of contract, 12 years for recovery of immovable property, 3 years for tort claims, and 1 year for appeals to the Supreme Court. Missing the limitation period bars the suit.
What is an injunction in civil law?
An injunction is a court order restraining a party from doing (prohibitory) or compelling them to do (mandatory) a specific act. Temporary injunctions are granted under Order 39 Rule 1-2 CPC, permanent injunctions after trial.
How to file a consumer complaint in India?
File a consumer complaint: (1) Send a legal notice to the business, (2) If unresolved in 30 days, file with District Consumer Forum (claims up to ₹50 lakh), State Commission (₹50 lakh-₹2 crore), or National Commission (above ₹2 crore), (3) No lawyer is required, filing fee is nominal.