Civil Law Questions
Browse civil law questions asked by people across India.
Questions in Civil Law are answered with reference to the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908, the Limitation Act, 1963 and the Specific Relief Act, 1963. Each answer states the section that applies, the forum that hears the matter and the limitation period, so the position can be checked against the official text at India Code before you act on it.
The forum depends on the facts rather than the label: a dispute described as a family matter may be heard by a family court, a magistrate or a civil judge depending on whether the relief sought is maintenance, custody, injunction or declaration. Where the law has been renumbered by the 2023 criminal law reforms, answers note both the old and the new section numbers.
My contract with a Mumbai firm has an arbitration clause; how do I start arbitration?
My company in Itanagar cannot pay its debts; can I file for insolvency under IBC?
My company in Gangtok cannot pay its debts; can I file for insolvency under IBC?
My company in Aizawl cannot pay its debts; can I file for insolvency under IBC?
My company in Kohima cannot pay its debts; can I file for insolvency under IBC?
My company in Shillong cannot pay its debts; can I file for insolvency under IBC?
My company in Imphal cannot pay its debts; can I file for insolvency under IBC?
My company in Agartala cannot pay its debts; can I file for insolvency under IBC?
My company in Srinagar cannot pay its debts; can I file for insolvency under IBC?
My company in Jammu cannot pay its debts; can I file for insolvency under IBC?
My company in Vasco da Gama cannot pay its debts; can I file for insolvency under IBC?
My company in Margao cannot pay its debts; can I file for insolvency under IBC?
My company in Panaji cannot pay its debts; can I file for insolvency under IBC?
My company in Dharamshala cannot pay its debts; can I file for insolvency under IBC?
My company in Manali cannot pay its debts; can I file for insolvency under IBC?
My company in Shimla cannot pay its debts; can I file for insolvency under IBC?
My company in Haldwani cannot pay its debts; can I file for insolvency under IBC?
My company in Nainital cannot pay its debts; can I file for insolvency under IBC?
My company in Haridwar cannot pay its debts; can I file for insolvency under IBC?
My company in Dehradun cannot pay its debts; can I file for insolvency under IBC?
My company in Silchar cannot pay its debts; can I file for insolvency under IBC?
My company in Dibrugarh cannot pay its debts; can I file for insolvency under IBC?
My company in Guwahati cannot pay its debts; can I file for insolvency under IBC?
My company in Bilaspur cannot pay its debts; can I file for insolvency under IBC?
My company in Bhilai cannot pay its debts; can I file for insolvency under IBC?
My company in Raipur cannot pay its debts; can I file for insolvency under IBC?
My company in Bokaro cannot pay its debts; can I file for insolvency under IBC?
My company in Dhanbad cannot pay its debts; can I file for insolvency under IBC?
My company in Jamshedpur cannot pay its debts; can I file for insolvency under IBC?
My company in Ranchi cannot pay its debts; can I file for insolvency under IBC?
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Frequently Asked Questions about Civil Law
What is civil law in India?
Civil law deals with disputes between individuals or organizations, including property, contract, tort, and family matters. It is governed by the Civil Procedure Code 1908. Civil cases seek remedies like injunctions, damages, or specific performance, not punishment.
How to file a civil suit in India?
To file a civil suit: (1) Draft a plaint with facts and relief sought, (2) Pay court fees based on the claim value, (3) File in the appropriate court (Munsif/District Court based on jurisdiction), (4) The court issues summons to the defendant, (5) Both parties present evidence and arguments, (6) Court delivers judgment.
What is the limitation period for civil suits in India?
Under the Limitation Act 1963, limitation varies: 3 years for breach of contract, 12 years for recovery of immovable property, 3 years for tort claims, and 1 year for appeals to the Supreme Court. Missing the limitation period bars the suit.
What is an injunction in civil law?
An injunction is a court order restraining a party from doing (prohibitory) or compelling them to do (mandatory) a specific act. Temporary injunctions are granted under Order 39 Rule 1-2 CPC, permanent injunctions after trial.
How to file a consumer complaint in India?
File a consumer complaint: (1) Send a legal notice to the business, (2) If unresolved in 30 days, file with District Consumer Forum (claims up to ₹50 lakh), State Commission (₹50 lakh-₹2 crore), or National Commission (above ₹2 crore), (3) No lawyer is required, filing fee is nominal.